Reference page

Tips & Standards

Use these as starting points, then test carefully.

RC plane design depends on weight, structure, skill level, weather, prop choice, and build quality. These standards are practical first-pass targets for small electric RC aircraft.

Wing Loading

  • Glider: 5 to 9 oz/sq ft
  • Trainer: 8 to 13 oz/sq ft
  • Sport: 12 to 18 oz/sq ft
  • Fast or scale: 16+ oz/sq ft

Aspect Ratio

  • Aerobatic: 4 to 5.5
  • Trainer: 5.5 to 7
  • Sport: 4.8 to 6.5
  • Glider: 8 to 12+

Center Of Gravity

  • Start at 28% to 32% of wing chord.
  • Forward CG is safer but needs more elevator.
  • Rear CG is sensitive and risky for first flights.

Tail Sizing

  • Trainer horizontal tail volume: 0.45 to 0.70
  • Sport tail volume: 0.40 to 0.55
  • Vertical tail area: around 8% to 12% of wing area

Airfoils

  • Trainer: Clark Y, flat-bottom, or NACA 2412
  • Sport: semi-symmetrical 12% to 14%
  • Aerobatic: NACA 0012 to 0015
  • Glider: thin cambered section

Power Targets

  • Glider: 50 to 70 W/lb
  • Trainer: 70 to 90 W/lb
  • Sport: 100 to 130 W/lb
  • Aerobatic: 140+ W/lb

Control Throws

  • First flight: start with low rates.
  • Use 20% to 35% exponential if your radio supports it.
  • Make sure both ailerons move the correct direction.

Structure

  • Reinforce the wing center section.
  • Use a real spar, not just skin stiffness.
  • Mount the motor to plywood or a strong printed firewall.

Preflight

  • Balance at the planned CG with the battery installed.
  • Check full-throttle current with a watt meter.
  • Range-check the radio.
  • Confirm every hinge and control horn is secure.